Good management of forests, fresh water, pastures, soils and other resources is essential if communities are to develop in ways that do not damage their natural environment. There is increasing competition for land, wood for fuel or for timber (industry and export) and for water for drinking, agriculture and industry. These challenge efforts to manage the natural environment so that it does not become depleted and damaged. When deciding to carry out advocacy in relation to this issue, it is very important that the causes of a particular problem impacting a community or country are fully analysed. Usually, government responsibility for resource management is divided between different departments and administrative levels.
Understanding the most effective way to use advocacy is therefore very important. Sometimes resource management issues can result in conflict between local people and large multinational companies, with government sometimes taking the side of the companies. Resource management issues can also cause conflicts within communities as people struggle for scarce resources such as water or land. Problems related to natural resources are usually interconnected – what happens to forests affects water supplies and soil qualities and so on. Communities may only experience impacts in relation to one resource, but the resources in other communities may also be affected.